Part. 1
LANGUAGE OF THE UNIVERSE
http://www.open2.net/storyofmaths/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Story_of_Maths
StageVU All 4 parts
http://stagevu.com/video/exzysozqjnvr
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1926910/
EXCERPTS:
LANGUAGE OF THE UNIVERSE
[Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece]
[Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece]
EGYPT
The Egyptians were using a decimal system,
motivated by the 10 fingers on our hands.
But they were using Hieroglyphs Sympbols for that.
The sign for one was a stroke,
10 - a heel bone, 100 - a coil of rope
and 1000 a Lotus plant...
The hieroglyphs are beautiful, ...
But they had no concept of a place value (in hieroglype)
If you want to write million minus 1
then the poor old Egyptian scirbe has got to wirte
9 strokes (9), 9 heel bones (9x10), 9 coil of rope (9x1000), and so on,
a totla of 54 characters. (to repsesnt 999,999)
FRACTIONS
Each part of the (Horus) eye represented a differen fraction.
GOLDEN RATIO
Two lenghts are in the golden ratio,
if the relationship of the longest
to the shrotest is the same as the sum of the two to the longest side.
PYTHAGORAS RIGHT ANGLE TRIANGLE
"It would be some 2000 years before the Greeks and Pythagoras
would prove that all right=angled triangles shared certain properties.
BABYLONIAN
18th Century BC.
"Intriguingly, they weren't using powers of 10,
like the Egyptians, they were using powors of 60.
They used the 12 knuckles in one hand,
and 5 fingers on the other hand to be able to count.
Babylonians invention of ZERO.
[They wrote nohting, left blank space, when they need a zero.]
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS.
BOARD GAMES
"They Babylonians and their descendants have been playing
a version of backgammon for over 5000 years.
PLIMPTON 322
"Firstly itmeans the Babylonians knew somethign of Pythogora's teorem
1000 years before Pythagoras.
GREEKS, 330BC
"By 330 BC, the Greeks had advanced their imperial reach into old Mesopotamia."
"Proof is what gives mathematics its strength."
"Pythagors is a controversial figure.
Because he left no mathematical writings,
many have questioned whether he indeed solved any of the theorems attributed to him."
Hippasus invented a new species of number:
Irrational number.
ACADEMY:
Plato founded this school in Athens in 387 BC.
"Indeed, the importance of Plato attached to geometry is encapsulated
in the sign that was mounted above the Academy,
"Let on-one ignorat of geometry enter here.'"
PLATONIC SOLIDS:
"Plato proposed that the universe could be crystallised into
FIVE regular symmetrical shape.
These shapes, which we now call the Platonic solids,
were composed of regular polygons, assmbled to create
three-dimensional symmetrical objects.
The TETRAHEDRON represneted FIRE.
The ICOSAHEDRON, made from 20 triangles, repsented WATER.
The Stable CUBE was EARTH.
The Eight-Faced OCTAHEDODRON was AIR.
And the fift Platoics Sold, the DEDECAHEDRON,
made out of 12 pentagons, was reserved for the shape
that captured Plato's view of the Universe.
EUCLID,
300 BC, THE ELEMENTS.
Euclidian Geometry.
ARCHEMIDES
polygons, solds, gravity, spiral.
Catapults.
Pi.
Archimedes was contemplating a problem about circles traced in the sand.
When a Roman soldier accosted him,
Archimedes was so engrossed in his problem that he insisted that he be allowed to finnish his theorem.
But the Roman soldier was not interested in Archimedes' problem and killed him on the spot.
Even in deat, Archimedes' devotion to mathematics was unwavering.
HYPATIA
[movie Agora]
"She was, in fact, a brilliant teacher and theorist.
The Egyptians were using a decimal system,
motivated by the 10 fingers on our hands.
But they were using Hieroglyphs Sympbols for that.
The sign for one was a stroke,
10 - a heel bone, 100 - a coil of rope
and 1000 a Lotus plant...
The hieroglyphs are beautiful, ...
But they had no concept of a place value (in hieroglype)
If you want to write million minus 1
then the poor old Egyptian scirbe has got to wirte
9 strokes (9), 9 heel bones (9x10), 9 coil of rope (9x1000), and so on,
a totla of 54 characters. (to repsesnt 999,999)
FRACTIONS
Each part of the (Horus) eye represented a differen fraction.
GOLDEN RATIO
Two lenghts are in the golden ratio,
if the relationship of the longest
to the shrotest is the same as the sum of the two to the longest side.
PYTHAGORAS RIGHT ANGLE TRIANGLE
"It would be some 2000 years before the Greeks and Pythagoras
would prove that all right=angled triangles shared certain properties.
BABYLONIAN
18th Century BC.
"Intriguingly, they weren't using powers of 10,
like the Egyptians, they were using powors of 60.
They used the 12 knuckles in one hand,
and 5 fingers on the other hand to be able to count.
Babylonians invention of ZERO.
[They wrote nohting, left blank space, when they need a zero.]
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS.
BOARD GAMES
"They Babylonians and their descendants have been playing
a version of backgammon for over 5000 years.
PLIMPTON 322
"Firstly itmeans the Babylonians knew somethign of Pythogora's teorem
1000 years before Pythagoras.
GREEKS, 330BC
"By 330 BC, the Greeks had advanced their imperial reach into old Mesopotamia."
"Proof is what gives mathematics its strength."
"Pythagors is a controversial figure.
Because he left no mathematical writings,
many have questioned whether he indeed solved any of the theorems attributed to him."
Hippasus invented a new species of number:
Irrational number.
ACADEMY:
Plato founded this school in Athens in 387 BC.
"Indeed, the importance of Plato attached to geometry is encapsulated
in the sign that was mounted above the Academy,
"Let on-one ignorat of geometry enter here.'"
PLATONIC SOLIDS:
"Plato proposed that the universe could be crystallised into
FIVE regular symmetrical shape.
These shapes, which we now call the Platonic solids,
were composed of regular polygons, assmbled to create
three-dimensional symmetrical objects.
The TETRAHEDRON represneted FIRE.
The ICOSAHEDRON, made from 20 triangles, repsented WATER.
The Stable CUBE was EARTH.
The Eight-Faced OCTAHEDODRON was AIR.
And the fift Platoics Sold, the DEDECAHEDRON,
made out of 12 pentagons, was reserved for the shape
that captured Plato's view of the Universe.
EUCLID,
300 BC, THE ELEMENTS.
Euclidian Geometry.
ARCHEMIDES
polygons, solds, gravity, spiral.
Catapults.
Pi.
Archimedes was contemplating a problem about circles traced in the sand.
When a Roman soldier accosted him,
Archimedes was so engrossed in his problem that he insisted that he be allowed to finnish his theorem.
But the Roman soldier was not interested in Archimedes' problem and killed him on the spot.
Even in deat, Archimedes' devotion to mathematics was unwavering.
HYPATIA
[movie Agora]
"She was, in fact, a brilliant teacher and theorist.
_____________________________
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