Movies, 2011
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1298650/
Faith!?
In faith,
there is light enough to see
but dark(ness) enough to blind.
Showing posts with label Light. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Light. Show all posts
Sunday, December 11, 2011
Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides
Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides
Movies, 2011
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1298650/
Movies, 2011
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1298650/
Saturday, November 19, 2011
Faster than the Speed of Light
FASTER THAN THE SPEED OF LIGHT
Documentary, 2011
BBC
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2090496/
[in short: by one experience at Geneva by OPERA scientists, neutrinos travel tiny bit faster than the speed of light, but scientists are still skeptical because they think there might be some mistake in calculation and other that the supernova explosion in 1987, neutrinos travel tiny bit slower than the speed.]
EXCERPTS:
NEUTRINOS
There are 16 types of fundamental particles
that are the smallest and simplest building blocks in the universe
together that explains the world and that what hold it together
three of those elementary particles are neutrinos.
neutrinos are so small
without any charge
they can pass trough the space very easily
in fact neutrinos are so tiny
that if the atom is the size of the solar system
then the neutrino is the size of gulf ball.
We also know that
despite their tiny size
they do still have a small mass
which means according to Einstein
they can't travel faster than speed of light.
_____________________________
Documentary, 2011
BBC
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2090496/
[in short: by one experience at Geneva by OPERA scientists, neutrinos travel tiny bit faster than the speed of light, but scientists are still skeptical because they think there might be some mistake in calculation and other that the supernova explosion in 1987, neutrinos travel tiny bit slower than the speed.]
EXCERPTS:
NEUTRINOS
There are 16 types of fundamental particles
that are the smallest and simplest building blocks in the universe
together that explains the world and that what hold it together
three of those elementary particles are neutrinos.
neutrinos are so small
without any charge
they can pass trough the space very easily
in fact neutrinos are so tiny
that if the atom is the size of the solar system
then the neutrino is the size of gulf ball.
We also know that
despite their tiny size
they do still have a small mass
which means according to Einstein
they can't travel faster than speed of light.
_____________________________
Friday, October 28, 2011
Vanishing on 7th Street
Vanishing on 7th Street
2010 movie
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1452628/
When i was lying there,
waiting for the bus,
i had time and i went through the list
of all the ways everyone could just disappear.
Flesh eating bacterias.
Nanotech running amok.
A particle collider accident.
Parallel universes.
Neutron bombs.
Gamma ray burst.
-Alien abduction.
Singularities.
Wormholes.
Black holes.
But the thing is that the math doesn't add up.
_______________________________
2010 movie
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1452628/
When i was lying there,
waiting for the bus,
i had time and i went through the list
of all the ways everyone could just disappear.
Flesh eating bacterias.
Nanotech running amok.
A particle collider accident.
Parallel universes.
Neutron bombs.
Gamma ray burst.
-Alien abduction.
Singularities.
Wormholes.
Black holes.
But the thing is that the math doesn't add up.
_______________________________
Monday, October 24, 2011
Can We Travel Faster Than LIGHT
CAN WE TRAVEL FASTER THAN LIGHT
[THROUGH THE WORMHOLE]
Season 2, Episode 7
http://science.discovery.com/tv/through-the-wormhole/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Through_the_Wormhole
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1513168/
http://topdocumentaryfilms.com/through-the-wormhole/
Excerpts:
[THROUGH THE WORMHOLE]
Season 2, Episode 7
http://science.discovery.com/tv/through-the-wormhole/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Through_the_Wormhole
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1513168/
http://topdocumentaryfilms.com/through-the-wormhole/
Excerpts:
CAN WE TRAVEL FASTER THAN LIGHT
"The closest star is about 25 trillion miles away.
The fastest spacecraft we have today
would take more than 10,000 years to get there.
The speed of light is 186,000 miles per second,
or 670 million miles per hour.
Nothing goes faster than the speed of light.
It really is the maximum speed limit
for everything in the Universe.
Light travels a million times faster than sound.
It's fast enough to circle the Earth seven times
in just one second.
The way it moves is different
from everything else in the Universe.
Light would be seen to be moving at the same speed
no matter what my car was doing.
You don't add the speed of light to the speed of the car.
The speed of light is always the speed of light.
MORE SPEED -> MORE ENERGY
MORE ENERGY -> MORE MASS
MORE MASS -> LESS SPEED
The energy it takes to accelerate
increases and increases
as you come closer to the speed of light.
If, in principle, you wanted to go the speed of light,
you need and infinite amount of energy
to accelerate you that fast.
Or you're gonna get more and more energy,
but you're not going to get that much more speed.
WARP DRIVE
Miguel's idea stems from another aspect
of Einstein's theory of relativity --
that the shape of space can be distorted by mass or energy.
A warp drive can only function
with a mysterious power source --
negative energy.
... (today) negative energy is just unproven theoretical concept.
WORMHOLE
In this two-dimensional analogy,
the opening of the straw is just a circle.
But, because we live in three dimensions,
the opening of the wormhole would actually be
like the interior of a bubble.
... And we've proven mathematically they're unstable.
The negative energy needed to keep a wormhole open
in inherently too unstable.
A man-made wormhole would collapse the instant
someone tries to step inside.
TELEPORTATION
We could turn our bodies into information
and send that information from place to place
at the speed of light.
Chris Monroe and Steve Olmshenk
are quantum physicists at the University of Maryland.
THEY ARE PIONEERS OF TELEPORTATOIN.
Entanglement.
Steve and Chris have successfully transferred
the information from one atom to the other.
In other words, they teleported the atom.
... but the real question
is whether we will ever by able to teleport teh state
of all the 7000 trillion trillon atoms in an entire person
from one place to another.
In Physics,
every force has a particle that carries it.
Electromagnetic force is carried by light, or photons.
The electromagnetic force keeps atoms glued together
with a constant exchange of photons
that bounce from the nucleus to its orbiting electrons.
When you look in one dircetion on the sky,
the strength of the electromagnetic force
appears to decrease with increasing distance from us,
and when you look in exactly the opposite direction on the sky,
the converse is true.
The strenght of electromagnetism
seems to increase as you move to greater distance.
Electromagnetism is the force that is transmitted by light.
So if the strength of electromagnetism
is not constant,
it means that the PROPERTIES OF LIGHT ITSELF ARE CHANGING.
Once the laws of physics are allowed to vary in those equations,
THINGS HAVE TO BE REWRITTEN.
So its' back to the drawing board
for certain fundamental principles in physics.
HOMOGENEITY PROBLEM
FREEMAN: We are still a long way from becoming citizens of the cosmos.
The stars remain almost unimaginably far away.
... And, one day, we will reach it,
because what man can imagine, man can do.
__________________________________
"The closest star is about 25 trillion miles away.
The fastest spacecraft we have today
would take more than 10,000 years to get there.
The speed of light is 186,000 miles per second,
or 670 million miles per hour.
Nothing goes faster than the speed of light.
It really is the maximum speed limit
for everything in the Universe.
Light travels a million times faster than sound.
It's fast enough to circle the Earth seven times
in just one second.
The way it moves is different
from everything else in the Universe.
Light would be seen to be moving at the same speed
no matter what my car was doing.
You don't add the speed of light to the speed of the car.
The speed of light is always the speed of light.
MORE SPEED -> MORE ENERGY
MORE ENERGY -> MORE MASS
MORE MASS -> LESS SPEED
The energy it takes to accelerate
increases and increases
as you come closer to the speed of light.
If, in principle, you wanted to go the speed of light,
you need and infinite amount of energy
to accelerate you that fast.
Or you're gonna get more and more energy,
but you're not going to get that much more speed.
WARP DRIVE
Miguel's idea stems from another aspect
of Einstein's theory of relativity --
that the shape of space can be distorted by mass or energy.
A warp drive can only function
with a mysterious power source --
negative energy.
... (today) negative energy is just unproven theoretical concept.
WORMHOLE
In this two-dimensional analogy,
the opening of the straw is just a circle.
But, because we live in three dimensions,
the opening of the wormhole would actually be
like the interior of a bubble.
... And we've proven mathematically they're unstable.
The negative energy needed to keep a wormhole open
in inherently too unstable.
A man-made wormhole would collapse the instant
someone tries to step inside.
TELEPORTATION
We could turn our bodies into information
and send that information from place to place
at the speed of light.
Chris Monroe and Steve Olmshenk
are quantum physicists at the University of Maryland.
THEY ARE PIONEERS OF TELEPORTATOIN.
Entanglement.
Steve and Chris have successfully transferred
the information from one atom to the other.
In other words, they teleported the atom.
... but the real question
is whether we will ever by able to teleport teh state
of all the 7000 trillion trillon atoms in an entire person
from one place to another.
In Physics,
every force has a particle that carries it.
Electromagnetic force is carried by light, or photons.
The electromagnetic force keeps atoms glued together
with a constant exchange of photons
that bounce from the nucleus to its orbiting electrons.
When you look in one dircetion on the sky,
the strength of the electromagnetic force
appears to decrease with increasing distance from us,
and when you look in exactly the opposite direction on the sky,
the converse is true.
The strenght of electromagnetism
seems to increase as you move to greater distance.
Electromagnetism is the force that is transmitted by light.
So if the strength of electromagnetism
is not constant,
it means that the PROPERTIES OF LIGHT ITSELF ARE CHANGING.
Once the laws of physics are allowed to vary in those equations,
THINGS HAVE TO BE REWRITTEN.
So its' back to the drawing board
for certain fundamental principles in physics.
HOMOGENEITY PROBLEM
FREEMAN: We are still a long way from becoming citizens of the cosmos.
The stars remain almost unimaginably far away.
... And, one day, we will reach it,
because what man can imagine, man can do.
__________________________________
Thursday, July 28, 2011
The Universe: Time Travel
The Universe : TIME TRAVEL
History Channel
Season. 5 Episode. 4
http://www.history.com/shows/the-universe
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Universe_%28TV_series%29
EXCERPTS:
TIME TRAVEL
"Time always go one way Forward.
Physicists call this Arrow of Time.
Cream mixes in the coffee,
it doesn't un-mix,
that's the arrow of time"
"All things in universe move
from ORDERLY STATES to
DISORDERLY STATS."
SPACETIME
"This means that whenever space warped,
so is time."
GRAND FATHER PARADOX.
"Physicists have come up with
at least 3 ways that nature might act
to prevent time travel paradoxes.
The first is simple: Nature prevents paradoxes
by making time travel into the past impossible.
In other words, it can't be done.
MULTIPLE UNIVERSES
You cannot change the past.
"We think that nature always somehow manages
to choose the solution that provides
self-consistency.
In other words,
You always get a solution
That does not produce a paradox."
"But we don't have to worry about about paradoxes
when we travel forward.
Taking the arrow of time into the future.
"The faster you move in space
time for you slows down
as compared to people standing still." -Einstein
Its proven by experiments.
The effect is called Time Dilation.
Russian cosmonaut,
Sergei Krikalev has logged
more than 803 days in orbit,
traveling 17,000 miles an hour,
making him the world's record holder
in time travel.
He is a 50th of a second slower
in the amount of time that has passed for him
compared to everyone else who's stayed on Earth.
To move 500 years into the future [Earth Time = 500 years]
You'd have to move at 99.99% of the speed of light for 7 years. [Space time = 7 years]
There no law of physics that says you can't go close
to the speed of light,
but your rocketship becomes hevier and heavier
as you go closer and closer to light speed.
So you require more and more fuel
to accelerate you smaller and smaller amounts,
and you need MORE THAN INFINITE AMOUNT OF ENERGY
TO ACTUALLY BREAK THE BARRIER OF LIGHT-SPEED.
Einstein's theory of relativity
says high gravity
also slows down your clock.
The Large Hadron Collider
is the largest, most complicated machine
ever created by humankind.
The Collider went operational
in Nov 2009,
And as scientists ramped up the power
the energy in its collisions
was increased almost tenfold
by March 2010,
And it will double that sometimes after
2013.
Today's theories of Space, Time, Gravity and Quantum Physics
are still incomplete.
And tools like LHC will help fill in the ever puzzling blanks.
WARP DRIVE
If we can expand at will,
we may be able to propel
a warp ship.
We make space Expand behind the ship
and make it Contract in front.
The wave of warped space
moves through the universe
FASTER THAN LIGHT,
while inside the so called warp bubble,
the ship is a passenger,
never violating Einsteins rule
against exceeding the speed of ligth.
________________________
History Channel
Season. 5 Episode. 4
http://www.history.com/shows/the-universe
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Universe_%28TV_series%29
EXCERPTS:
TIME TRAVEL
"Time always go one way Forward.
Physicists call this Arrow of Time.
Cream mixes in the coffee,
it doesn't un-mix,
that's the arrow of time"
"All things in universe move
from ORDERLY STATES to
DISORDERLY STATS."
SPACETIME
"This means that whenever space warped,
so is time."
GRAND FATHER PARADOX.
"Physicists have come up with
at least 3 ways that nature might act
to prevent time travel paradoxes.
The first is simple: Nature prevents paradoxes
by making time travel into the past impossible.
In other words, it can't be done.
MULTIPLE UNIVERSES
You cannot change the past.
"We think that nature always somehow manages
to choose the solution that provides
self-consistency.
In other words,
You always get a solution
That does not produce a paradox."
"But we don't have to worry about about paradoxes
when we travel forward.
Taking the arrow of time into the future.
"The faster you move in space
time for you slows down
as compared to people standing still." -Einstein
Its proven by experiments.
The effect is called Time Dilation.
Russian cosmonaut,
Sergei Krikalev has logged
more than 803 days in orbit,
traveling 17,000 miles an hour,
making him the world's record holder
in time travel.
He is a 50th of a second slower
in the amount of time that has passed for him
compared to everyone else who's stayed on Earth.
To move 500 years into the future [Earth Time = 500 years]
You'd have to move at 99.99% of the speed of light for 7 years. [Space time = 7 years]
There no law of physics that says you can't go close
to the speed of light,
but your rocketship becomes hevier and heavier
as you go closer and closer to light speed.
So you require more and more fuel
to accelerate you smaller and smaller amounts,
and you need MORE THAN INFINITE AMOUNT OF ENERGY
TO ACTUALLY BREAK THE BARRIER OF LIGHT-SPEED.
Einstein's theory of relativity
says high gravity
also slows down your clock.
The Large Hadron Collider
is the largest, most complicated machine
ever created by humankind.
The Collider went operational
in Nov 2009,
And as scientists ramped up the power
the energy in its collisions
was increased almost tenfold
by March 2010,
And it will double that sometimes after
2013.
Today's theories of Space, Time, Gravity and Quantum Physics
are still incomplete.
And tools like LHC will help fill in the ever puzzling blanks.
WARP DRIVE
If we can expand at will,
we may be able to propel
a warp ship.
We make space Expand behind the ship
and make it Contract in front.
The wave of warped space
moves through the universe
FASTER THAN LIGHT,
while inside the so called warp bubble,
the ship is a passenger,
never violating Einsteins rule
against exceeding the speed of ligth.
________________________
Monday, July 25, 2011
The Universe: Light Speed
The Universe : LIGHT SPEED
History Channel
Season. 3 Episode. 3
http://www.history.com/shows/the-universe
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Universe_%28TV_series%29
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K3uTwni_INQ
EXCERPTS:
LIGHT SPEED
186,000 miles/second
300,000 km/second
"Light is the fastest thing in the universe.
It could circle the Earth 7 times in one second.
"It took 1.3 seconds for the signal travelling gate the speed of light
to reach Neil (Armstrong) from Mission Control
and another 1.3 seconds for his reply
using radio waves to come back.
And that's 2.6 seconds without even thinking.
1.3 seconds from Moon to Earth (or vice versa)
8.+ minute from Sun to Earth.
It takes upto 44 minutes for signals to travel back and forth
to the probes exploring Mars.
More than 3 hours to Cassini at Saturn
and over 29 hours to Voyager 1,
the most distant of all now heading out of the solar system.
The nearest star is red dwarf named Proxima Centaura,
nearly 25 trillion miles away.
That's 25 followed by 12 zeroes.
1 light year = 6 trillion miles (i.e. 6,000,000,000,000 miles)
a distance light travels in one year.
SIRIUS - brightest star, 8.6 light-years away.
VEGA - 25 light years.
BETELGEUSE - 500 light years.
Its a wonderful gift of nature
that because it takes time to travel,
we're able to look back in time.
... We would have no idea what our cosmic history was
if the speed of light traveled instantaneously.
- LAURA DANLY
CRAB NEBULA - 6500 light years.
GALACTIC CORE - center of Milky Way - 26,000 light years.
ANDROMEDA - next door neighbour - 2.5 million light years.
CONSTANCY OF LIGHT SPEED - RED SHIFT
[At one hand Universe Expands, at other hand, light does not give up his constancy]
"In fact the constancy of light speed is result in an aiming tool
for measuring distance in the vastness of space.
The tool is called the Red shift.
It happens as light between galaxies travels at a fixed speed.
When the space between the galaxies expands
the light racing between them gets stretched
turning red in color.
As light goes from one galaxy to another
from a distant galaxy to our own for example
that light gets stretched along with the stretching of space
and that causes intrinsically short-wavelengthlight
like blue light
to gradually become long=wavelenght or redder light.
That fundamentally is the cause of the red shift that we see
in the spectra of galaxies.
Seeing red shifts everywhere
Hubble found that all of the universe's galaxies
were moving away from each other.
... greater the red shift the more distant the galaxy.
LIGHT HORIZON
"Its called our light horizon
a sphere 13.5 billion light years in all directions
containg everything we can see.
If we as what is happening beyond our light horizon
we have to face the fact that
the speed of light really is a barrier.
- Alan Guth
UNIFORMITY OF UNIVERSE
"If everything flew apear from the beginning
why shouldn't it be uniform?
[We know no kind of bang which in uniform]
INFLATION:
This horizon problem can be solved
by a theory that i've worked on
called INFLATION.
which is a twist on the Big Bang. - ALAN GUTH
Inflation is now the widely accepted variation
that makes the Big Bang work
without the limit imposed by the speed of light.
The faster than the speed of light expansion
sets yet another limit on what we can see from Earth
... light from them (from very very distant galaxies)
will never reach you because the space is expanding
faster than the speed of light.
GPS begins
with a networked of 24 satellites
orbiting the Earth
12,500 miles above the surface.
At any one time, the device in your car
receives signals from at least four satellites.
LENGTH CONTRACTIONS
body shrinks when moving at the speed of light for stationary observer, together with the time dilation.
The speed of light may be a constant
but only in the vacuum of space.
When light moves through things like
glass or fluids
IT SLOWS DOWN APPRECIABLY.
if it didn't,
things like telescopes
and human vision would be impossible.
If ligth didn't propagate at different speeds
through different materials.
for example we wouldn't be able to see.
Our eyes wouldn't work the same way.
In a universe where light moved at the same speed
through all materials
we would know little of the world around us.
seeing only vague blobs of dark and light.
Thats because our eyes depend on biological lenses
to focus images on our retinas.
just like lenses made of glass
they work because light slows down as it passes trough them.
Because light is absorbed by the atoms of glass
and then they re-radiate it later so there's a delay factor.
The Delay Factor also causes light to bend.
Light travels trough the glass lenses of telescopes
at about 124,000 miles per second.
2/3 of its sped through a vacuum.
"So as you try to go to faster
and faster and faster...
you actually get to a point
where it takes more and more [and more] energy...
until it's and INFINITE AMOUNT OF ENERGY
to go to speed of light." - MICHELLE THALLER
Virtually all physicists agree
its impossible to travel through space
at faster than light speed.
___________________
History Channel
Season. 3 Episode. 3
http://www.history.com/shows/the-universe
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Universe_%28TV_series%29
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K3uTwni_INQ
EXCERPTS:
LIGHT SPEED
186,000 miles/second
300,000 km/second
"Light is the fastest thing in the universe.
It could circle the Earth 7 times in one second.
"It took 1.3 seconds for the signal travelling gate the speed of light
to reach Neil (Armstrong) from Mission Control
and another 1.3 seconds for his reply
using radio waves to come back.
And that's 2.6 seconds without even thinking.
1.3 seconds from Moon to Earth (or vice versa)
8.+ minute from Sun to Earth.
It takes upto 44 minutes for signals to travel back and forth
to the probes exploring Mars.
More than 3 hours to Cassini at Saturn
and over 29 hours to Voyager 1,
the most distant of all now heading out of the solar system.
The nearest star is red dwarf named Proxima Centaura,
nearly 25 trillion miles away.
That's 25 followed by 12 zeroes.
1 light year = 6 trillion miles (i.e. 6,000,000,000,000 miles)
a distance light travels in one year.
SIRIUS - brightest star, 8.6 light-years away.
VEGA - 25 light years.
BETELGEUSE - 500 light years.
Its a wonderful gift of nature
that because it takes time to travel,
we're able to look back in time.
... We would have no idea what our cosmic history was
if the speed of light traveled instantaneously.
- LAURA DANLY
CRAB NEBULA - 6500 light years.
GALACTIC CORE - center of Milky Way - 26,000 light years.
ANDROMEDA - next door neighbour - 2.5 million light years.
CONSTANCY OF LIGHT SPEED - RED SHIFT
[At one hand Universe Expands, at other hand, light does not give up his constancy]
"In fact the constancy of light speed is result in an aiming tool
for measuring distance in the vastness of space.
The tool is called the Red shift.
It happens as light between galaxies travels at a fixed speed.
When the space between the galaxies expands
the light racing between them gets stretched
turning red in color.
As light goes from one galaxy to another
from a distant galaxy to our own for example
that light gets stretched along with the stretching of space
and that causes intrinsically short-wavelengthlight
like blue light
to gradually become long=wavelenght or redder light.
That fundamentally is the cause of the red shift that we see
in the spectra of galaxies.
Seeing red shifts everywhere
Hubble found that all of the universe's galaxies
were moving away from each other.
... greater the red shift the more distant the galaxy.
LIGHT HORIZON
"Its called our light horizon
a sphere 13.5 billion light years in all directions
containg everything we can see.
If we as what is happening beyond our light horizon
we have to face the fact that
the speed of light really is a barrier.
- Alan Guth
UNIFORMITY OF UNIVERSE
"If everything flew apear from the beginning
why shouldn't it be uniform?
[We know no kind of bang which in uniform]
INFLATION:
This horizon problem can be solved
by a theory that i've worked on
called INFLATION.
which is a twist on the Big Bang. - ALAN GUTH
Inflation is now the widely accepted variation
that makes the Big Bang work
without the limit imposed by the speed of light.
The faster than the speed of light expansion
sets yet another limit on what we can see from Earth
... light from them (from very very distant galaxies)
will never reach you because the space is expanding
faster than the speed of light.
GPS begins
with a networked of 24 satellites
orbiting the Earth
12,500 miles above the surface.
At any one time, the device in your car
receives signals from at least four satellites.
LENGTH CONTRACTIONS
body shrinks when moving at the speed of light for stationary observer, together with the time dilation.
The speed of light may be a constant
but only in the vacuum of space.
When light moves through things like
glass or fluids
IT SLOWS DOWN APPRECIABLY.
if it didn't,
things like telescopes
and human vision would be impossible.
If ligth didn't propagate at different speeds
through different materials.
for example we wouldn't be able to see.
Our eyes wouldn't work the same way.
In a universe where light moved at the same speed
through all materials
we would know little of the world around us.
seeing only vague blobs of dark and light.
Thats because our eyes depend on biological lenses
to focus images on our retinas.
just like lenses made of glass
they work because light slows down as it passes trough them.
Because light is absorbed by the atoms of glass
and then they re-radiate it later so there's a delay factor.
The Delay Factor also causes light to bend.
Light travels trough the glass lenses of telescopes
at about 124,000 miles per second.
2/3 of its sped through a vacuum.
"So as you try to go to faster
and faster and faster...
you actually get to a point
where it takes more and more [and more] energy...
until it's and INFINITE AMOUNT OF ENERGY
to go to speed of light." - MICHELLE THALLER
Virtually all physicists agree
its impossible to travel through space
at faster than light speed.
___________________
Sunday, July 17, 2011
The Universe: Beyond the Big Bang
The Universe : BEYOND THE BIG BANG
History Channel
Season. 01 Episode. 14 (final of season one)
http://www.history.com/shows/the-universe
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Universe_%28TV_series%29
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YIoKrL_8pt8
EXCERPTS:
Our solar system is spinning,
flying through space at 134 miles per second.
Turning in circles
as part of a vast collection of stars and star systems.
There may be 200 billion stars in this collection
called Milky Way Galaxy.
The Milky Way is one of more than 125 billion of galaxies,
that make up the observable Universe.
This idea of astronomy predicting the behavior
of the natural world
based on the motion of the heavens,
gets mixed up wit the dogma of the astrology -
the belief that the motion of heavens predetermined our fate.
If you understand the clock works on heavens you understand how our fate are going to be.
Astrologers divide the skies into regions as early as 6th century BC.
With just the naked eye to scan the skies
the Greeks saw only 5 planets
naming each after their gods.
Today we are more familiar with the Roman designations.
Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn
The Ptolemy's system was extremely complex
it had all these planets going in loops
and it worked beautifully but it was just wrong.
In fact after the collapse of Rome in the 476 AD.
Astronomy actually lost ground.
Europe fragmented into smaller powers
and lot of wisdom of Greeks lost.
Kepler improved on the Copernicus's system
by hypothesizing that planet traveled
not in perfect circles but
in ellipses around the sun.
HELIOCENTRIC:
What Copernicus assumed for aesthetic reasons
What Kepler deduced through measurment and mathematics
Galileo proved, Galileo saw, Galileo revealed.
Galileo's last published work
dealt with the properties of falling bodies,
which he noted always accelerated to same rate
no matter what their mass.
Everything with mass exerts the pulling force
on everything else with mass.
Light bends by gravity:
1919 large astronomical experiment through sun eclipse
"General Relativity said if you look at star
on the path of light goes right path the Sun,
you would see a shift a little bit because the gravity of the sun.
Lemaitre studied the Einstein's theories during 1920's
and proposed a radical idea
one that even the great Einstein would reject,
he said the Universe wasn't static
but was actually expanding.
When Lemaitre told Einstein about this solution
Einstein reportedly said
"Your mathematical is correct
but your physics is abominable."
Fred Hoyle, everything is stardust except H and He.
H is 74% in Universe.
Gamow suggested the Hydrogen, the Helium and other elements
were created in firt fiery minutes of the Universe, in Big Bang.
When temp. was thousands of degrees hotter
than they are in teh core of any star.
But Penzias and Wilson unknowingly found
what Dicke and his colleagues were seeking,
what Gamow, Alpher and Lemaitre had predicted,
They've found the smoking gun
that proved that universe wasn't eternal.
NUCLEAR SYNTHESIS
While most scientists agree the Hydrogen and most of the Helium
were created at first moment of Big Bang
as Gamow believed.
All other heavy elements like N, C were created later
in the hot center of stars, in supernovas explosions,
as Hoyle suggested.
UNIFORM UNIVERSAL TEMPERATURE:
"The universe is simply too large for
one end has same temp. as the other.
Yet it is.
_______________________
Aristotle
Ptolemy
Copernicus
Kepler
Galileo Galilie
Isac Newton: 1643
Albert Einstein
Lemaitre, 1920, expanding universe
Edwin Hubble
_______________________
History Channel
Season. 01 Episode. 14 (final of season one)
http://www.history.com/shows/the-universe
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Universe_%28TV_series%29
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YIoKrL_8pt8
EXCERPTS:
Our solar system is spinning,
flying through space at 134 miles per second.
Turning in circles
as part of a vast collection of stars and star systems.
There may be 200 billion stars in this collection
called Milky Way Galaxy.
The Milky Way is one of more than 125 billion of galaxies,
that make up the observable Universe.
This idea of astronomy predicting the behavior
of the natural world
based on the motion of the heavens,
gets mixed up wit the dogma of the astrology -
the belief that the motion of heavens predetermined our fate.
If you understand the clock works on heavens you understand how our fate are going to be.
Astrologers divide the skies into regions as early as 6th century BC.
With just the naked eye to scan the skies
the Greeks saw only 5 planets
naming each after their gods.
Today we are more familiar with the Roman designations.
Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn
The Ptolemy's system was extremely complex
it had all these planets going in loops
and it worked beautifully but it was just wrong.
In fact after the collapse of Rome in the 476 AD.
Astronomy actually lost ground.
Europe fragmented into smaller powers
and lot of wisdom of Greeks lost.
Kepler improved on the Copernicus's system
by hypothesizing that planet traveled
not in perfect circles but
in ellipses around the sun.
HELIOCENTRIC:
What Copernicus assumed for aesthetic reasons
What Kepler deduced through measurment and mathematics
Galileo proved, Galileo saw, Galileo revealed.
Galileo's last published work
dealt with the properties of falling bodies,
which he noted always accelerated to same rate
no matter what their mass.
Everything with mass exerts the pulling force
on everything else with mass.
Light bends by gravity:
1919 large astronomical experiment through sun eclipse
"General Relativity said if you look at star
on the path of light goes right path the Sun,
you would see a shift a little bit because the gravity of the sun.
Lemaitre studied the Einstein's theories during 1920's
and proposed a radical idea
one that even the great Einstein would reject,
he said the Universe wasn't static
but was actually expanding.
When Lemaitre told Einstein about this solution
Einstein reportedly said
"Your mathematical is correct
but your physics is abominable."
Fred Hoyle, everything is stardust except H and He.
H is 74% in Universe.
Gamow suggested the Hydrogen, the Helium and other elements
were created in firt fiery minutes of the Universe, in Big Bang.
When temp. was thousands of degrees hotter
than they are in teh core of any star.
But Penzias and Wilson unknowingly found
what Dicke and his colleagues were seeking,
what Gamow, Alpher and Lemaitre had predicted,
They've found the smoking gun
that proved that universe wasn't eternal.
NUCLEAR SYNTHESIS
While most scientists agree the Hydrogen and most of the Helium
were created at first moment of Big Bang
as Gamow believed.
All other heavy elements like N, C were created later
in the hot center of stars, in supernovas explosions,
as Hoyle suggested.
UNIFORM UNIVERSAL TEMPERATURE:
"The universe is simply too large for
one end has same temp. as the other.
Yet it is.
_______________________
Aristotle
Ptolemy
Copernicus
Kepler
Galileo Galilie
Isac Newton: 1643
Albert Einstein
Lemaitre, 1920, expanding universe
Edwin Hubble
_______________________
Saturday, June 11, 2011
WONDERS OF THE UNIVERSE (2011)
Wonders of the Universe (2011)
By Brian Cox
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonders_of_the_Universe
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1854226/
http://topdocumentaryfilms.com/wonders-of-the-universe/
Episode.1 - DESTINY [Time]
Excerpts:
"Today it's filled with over 100 billion galaxies, each containing hundreds of billions of stars."
"(universe) is woven into the very fabric of the cosmos. Time."
"This film is about the greatest expanses of time
The deep time that shapes the universe."
"the fate of the universe is determined by the passage of time."
"our entire solar system is traveling on an unimaginably vast orbit,
spinning around the center of our galaxy.
It takes 250 million years to make just one circuit of the Milky Way."
Arrow of Time
"We are compelled to travel into the future.
And that's because the arrow of time dictates that as each moment passes,
things change.
And once these changes have happened, they are never undone."
"when we look up into the sky... we're looking back in time
because the light takes time (to reach us)."
"In fact, this is the oldest single object that we've ever seen"
GRB 090423 (Wolf-Rayet star) situated in the constellation of Leo.
"and the light from that red dot has been traveling to us
for almost the entire history of the universe. ... 13 billion years ago.
600 million years after the Big Bang."
"Our sun is just one of 200 billion stars in our galaxy."
"Our galaxy is one of 100 billion in the observable Universe."
high entropy = more ways to rearrange
low entropy = less ways to rearrange
'In six billion years our sun will explode.'summarize:Proxima Centuary (closest star to Sun, 4.2 light years), type stars will die in end. And when they die the universe will be 100 trillion years old. And there will be nothing any 'bright' thing in the sky, only black holes.
"after nearly 14 billion years, we believe there are currently no black dwarfs in the universe."
"after the 'unimaginable period of time', even the black holes will have evaporated."
... when i say 'unimaginable period of time,' i really mean it.
It's 10,000 trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion years."
"As a fraction of the lifespan of the universe,
as measured from its beginning to the evaporation of the last black hole,
life, as we know it, is only possible for
one thousandth of a billion billion billionth billion billion billionth billion billion billionth of a per cent."
_______________________________
Episode.2 - STARDUST [Temperature]
Excerpts:
"This is Himalayan limestone,
the rock out of which much of this magnificent mountain range is made.
... limestone is made primarily out of the bodies, the shells, of dead sea creatures - coral and polyps - and when they die,
they are put uner immense pressures and squashed
and eventually form limestone.
So the Himalayas were once living creatures."
"Every atom in my body was once part of something else,
so an ancient tree or a dinosaur or a rock, in fact,
definitely, a rock.
And the reason that the rocks of the Earth
can become living things and then living things will return
to the rocks of the Earth is because everything
is made of the same basic ingredients.
These ingredients are chemical elements,
the building blocks of everything on Earth."
nearset star - Proxima Centauri, 4.2 light years from Earth.
nearest galaxy - Andromeda, 2.5 million years from Earth.
"Polaris is 430 light years away."
"It's in stars like our sun that the elements are assembled."
They're the only places in the universe hot enough and dense enough to fuse atoms together.
Even then, only a fraction of the star reaches the extreme temp. necessary.
The sun is 6000 Celsius at its surface, not nearly hot enough to power fusion.
But deep below where temp. reaches 15m degrees,
the sun fuses H and He at a furious rate."
"Betelgeuse, a red giant star in our galaxy.
"Its only about 600 light years away, but it's the size that's astonishing."
Betelgeuse
Orion Belt.
Betelgeuse is extemely unstable,
because its dimmed by about 15% in the last 10 years.
Now astronomers think this star could go supernova at any moment
that could mean anytime in next million years,
but equally it could explode tomorrow.
And Betelgeuse is only 600 light years away.
And when it goest the Betelgeuse will be incredibly bright
it'll be by far the brightest star in the sky.
It may shine as brightly as full moon.
It'll be almsot the second Sun in the daylight.
In the single instance,
Betelgeuse will release more energy that our Sun will produce in its entire life time.
The Orion Nebula is the one of the wonders of the universe
"Every C atom in my hand, every atom of carbon in every living thing on the planet
was produced in the heart of a dying star."
"All the gold mined from the earth in all of human history
would only just fill three Olympic-size swimming pools."
"Ant it's that scarcity that makes gold valuable, but gold is just one of many rare elements.
"There are over 60 elements heavier than iron in the universe.
and some are valuable, like gold, silver, platinum. some are vital for life, like copper and zinc, and some are just useful, like uranium, tin and lead.
But across the universe, tere are vanishingly small amounts of those heavy elements.
The reason for that scarcity is that creating substantial amounts of the heaviest amounts of the heaviest elements requires some of the rarest conditions in the universe.
In a galaxy of 100 billion stars, these conditions wille exist
on average for less than a minute in every century."
"Although on average there's one big supernova in each galaxy every century,
there hasn't been one in the Milky Way since the birth of modern science.
The last was in 1604, so we're long overdue.
Astronomers are now searching the skies for the star that is most likely to go supernova.
And amongst the leading candidates there's a familiar name.
This is the constellation of Orion and this is Betelgeuse,
and we know it's extremely unstable because it's dimmed by about 15% in the last ten years.
Now, astronomers think that this star could go supernova at any moment.
That could mean any time in the nexy million years but equally it could explode tomorrow,
and Betelgeuse is only 600 light years away.
When it goes, Betelgeuse will be incredibly bright.
it'll be by far the brightest star in the sky.
it may shine as brightly as a full moon.
It will be almost a second sun in the daylight."
"When we look out into space, we are looking into our own origins."
"Because we are truly children of the stars."
___________________________
Episode.3 - FALLING [Gravity]
Excerpts:
"So the time it takes the moon to spin once
is almost the same as the time it takes to orbit the Earth."
"This is Andromeda, a spiral galaxy roughly the same size and mass as the Milky Way.
This island of over a trillion stars sits over 2.5 million light years away,
but every hour that gap shrinks by half a million kilometers."
"Whilst most galaxies have been rushing away from each other
ever since they formed just after the Big Bang,
some galaxies formed so close together that they are locked
in gravitational embrace and the Milky Way and Andromeda are two such galaxies.
and Computer simulations suggest that they will collide together
in around three billion years time."
"The body with the strongest gravity in our solar system is the sun.
... it has a gravitational pull at its surface 28 times that of the Earth."
"On 4th July 1054 AD, a bright new star appeared,
and it outshone every other star in the night sky for over three weeks.
it was so bright that it was visible in the daytime."
"We now know that that new star was in fact the explosive death
of an old star, a supernova explosion..(of "Crab Nebula that the Chacoans saw in these skies a thousand years ago")"TWO FORCES
"Throughout a star's life, there is a constant battle between energy
pushing out and gravity pushing in.
As long as the star burns, the tow forces balance each other out. "Atom and Empty Space
"And whilst almost all the mass is contained in the nucleus, it is incredibly tiny compared to the size of an atom. if this (pebble) is the atom the elecoron is something like a kilometer away.
So that means that matter is almsot entirely empty space.
I'm full of empty space. The Earth is full of empty space.
Everything you can see in the universe is pretty much just empty space.
So if everything in the universe is made up of atoms, and atoms are 99.9999% empty space, then most of the universe is empty."
"Gravity is NOT a force pulling us towards the center of the Earth like a giant magnet.
In a sense, gravity isn't really a force at all."
"The moon is falling into the valley created by the mass of the Earth.
The Earth is falling into the valley created by the mass of the Sun.
And the solar system is falling into the valley in space-time created by our galaxy.
And our galaxy is falling towards other galaxies in the universe."
"Our sun takes around 200 million years to make its way around the Milky Way.
One of these S stars takes only 15 years to go around the center of the galaxy."
"gravity will eventually crush matter out of existence."
________________________________
Episode.4 - MESSENGERS [Light]
Excerpts:
LIGHT
"light is a messenger from long-forgotten era,
and contained in the light from these faraway places
is the story of our universe's origin and evolution."
"Through light we can stare back
across the entire history of the universe
and discover how it all began,
and ultimately
see how light
breathed life
into us."
""Solstice" is Latin for "sun stands still""
because as the Earth orbits around the sun and the year passes,
"On Earth, on a night like this,
there are about 2,500 stars
are visible to the naked eye."
"Every star we see in the night sky
is a sun that sits within our own galaxy, the Milky Way."
"The Milky Way is home to 200 billion stars."
"On Earth, the speed of sound, depending on altitude
is around 1200 km per hour known as Mach I."
"Danish astronomer Ole Romer, realised that it takes time for light to travel from Jupiter to Earth...
So Romer had discovered that light doesn't travel instantaneously.
It moves through space with a finte speed."
"We now know that the light travels at precisely 299,792,458 meteres (or 300,000 km / 186,000 miles) per second.
That means in the time that it takes for me to click my fingers, light has travelled around the Earth 7 times, or that it travesl ten million million kilometeres in one year,
and that's the yardstick that we use to measure the universe,
as 10 m m km is aprox. one light year."
Andromeda = 2.5 million light years
Centaurus A = 10 million light years
? = 14 million light years
NGC 520 = 100 million light years
"There is vast amount of information and detail contained withing every beam of light.
And that information is written in COLOR."
Interpretation of BIG BANG THEORY
"The image is called the Hubble Ultra Deep Field."
..picture taken by the Hubble space Telescope over a period of eleven days.. constellation of Orion.. the most distant galaxies in that image are over 13 billion years away.. it saw galaxies glow in all different colours. But when it peered to the very edge of the visible universe.. and saw that every galaxy glowed RED.
...
When light is emitted by a distan star or galaxy, its wavelength deoesn't have to stay fixed,
it can be squashed or stretched,
and when light's stretched, its wavelength increases and it moves to the red end of the spectrum.
So the interpretation of th fact that the most distant galaxies appear red
is that the space in between them and us has stretched
during the time it's taken the light to journey over that vas distance.
That means that our entire universe is EXPANDING.
.. what an expanding universe implies,.. if the galaxies are all rushing away from each other,
that means that if you rewind time, then they must have been closer toghether in the past, and actually, if you just keep rewinding then you find that at some point in the past,
all the galaxies we can see in the sky were quite literllay on top of each other.
That implies that the universe may have had a beginning,
and that is the Big Bang Theory."
"Visible lights of the universe are just a tiny fraction of all light in the universe.
Beyond the visible spectrum, our world is illuminated by invisible light."
"Well, heat is nothing more than a form of light, although we don't normally call it light.
it's actually infrared light, and the only difference between infrared and visible light is the wavelength. Infrared has a longer wavelength than visible light."
________________________________
By Brian Cox
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonders_of_the_Universe
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1854226/
http://topdocumentaryfilms.com/wonders-of-the-universe/
Episode.1 - DESTINY [Time]
"Today it's filled with over 100 billion galaxies, each containing hundreds of billions of stars."
"(universe) is woven into the very fabric of the cosmos. Time."
"This film is about the greatest expanses of time
The deep time that shapes the universe."
"the fate of the universe is determined by the passage of time."
"our entire solar system is traveling on an unimaginably vast orbit,
spinning around the center of our galaxy.
It takes 250 million years to make just one circuit of the Milky Way."
Arrow of Time
"We are compelled to travel into the future.
And that's because the arrow of time dictates that as each moment passes,
things change.
And once these changes have happened, they are never undone."
"when we look up into the sky... we're looking back in time
because the light takes time (to reach us)."
"In fact, this is the oldest single object that we've ever seen"
GRB 090423 (Wolf-Rayet star) situated in the constellation of Leo.
"and the light from that red dot has been traveling to us
for almost the entire history of the universe. ... 13 billion years ago.
600 million years after the Big Bang."
"Our sun is just one of 200 billion stars in our galaxy."
"Our galaxy is one of 100 billion in the observable Universe."
high entropy = more ways to rearrange
low entropy = less ways to rearrange
'In six billion years our sun will explode.'summarize:Proxima Centuary (closest star to Sun, 4.2 light years), type stars will die in end. And when they die the universe will be 100 trillion years old. And there will be nothing any 'bright' thing in the sky, only black holes.
"after nearly 14 billion years, we believe there are currently no black dwarfs in the universe."
"after the 'unimaginable period of time', even the black holes will have evaporated."
... when i say 'unimaginable period of time,' i really mean it.
It's 10,000 trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion years."
"As a fraction of the lifespan of the universe,
as measured from its beginning to the evaporation of the last black hole,
life, as we know it, is only possible for
one thousandth of a billion billion billionth billion billion billionth billion billion billionth of a per cent."
_______________________________
Episode.2 - STARDUST [Temperature]
"This is Himalayan limestone,
the rock out of which much of this magnificent mountain range is made.
... limestone is made primarily out of the bodies, the shells, of dead sea creatures - coral and polyps - and when they die,
they are put uner immense pressures and squashed
and eventually form limestone.
So the Himalayas were once living creatures."
"Every atom in my body was once part of something else,
so an ancient tree or a dinosaur or a rock, in fact,
definitely, a rock.
And the reason that the rocks of the Earth
can become living things and then living things will return
to the rocks of the Earth is because everything
is made of the same basic ingredients.
These ingredients are chemical elements,
the building blocks of everything on Earth."
nearset star - Proxima Centauri, 4.2 light years from Earth.
nearest galaxy - Andromeda, 2.5 million years from Earth.
"Polaris is 430 light years away."
"It's in stars like our sun that the elements are assembled."
They're the only places in the universe hot enough and dense enough to fuse atoms together.
Even then, only a fraction of the star reaches the extreme temp. necessary.
The sun is 6000 Celsius at its surface, not nearly hot enough to power fusion.
But deep below where temp. reaches 15m degrees,
the sun fuses H and He at a furious rate."
"Betelgeuse, a red giant star in our galaxy.
"Its only about 600 light years away, but it's the size that's astonishing."
Betelgeuse
Orion Belt.
Betelgeuse is extemely unstable,
because its dimmed by about 15% in the last 10 years.
Now astronomers think this star could go supernova at any moment
that could mean anytime in next million years,
but equally it could explode tomorrow.
And Betelgeuse is only 600 light years away.
And when it goest the Betelgeuse will be incredibly bright
it'll be by far the brightest star in the sky.
It may shine as brightly as full moon.
It'll be almsot the second Sun in the daylight.
In the single instance,
Betelgeuse will release more energy that our Sun will produce in its entire life time.
The Orion Nebula is the one of the wonders of the universe
"Every C atom in my hand, every atom of carbon in every living thing on the planet
was produced in the heart of a dying star."
"All the gold mined from the earth in all of human history
would only just fill three Olympic-size swimming pools."
"Ant it's that scarcity that makes gold valuable, but gold is just one of many rare elements.
"There are over 60 elements heavier than iron in the universe.
and some are valuable, like gold, silver, platinum. some are vital for life, like copper and zinc, and some are just useful, like uranium, tin and lead.
But across the universe, tere are vanishingly small amounts of those heavy elements.
The reason for that scarcity is that creating substantial amounts of the heaviest amounts of the heaviest elements requires some of the rarest conditions in the universe.
In a galaxy of 100 billion stars, these conditions wille exist
on average for less than a minute in every century."
"Although on average there's one big supernova in each galaxy every century,
there hasn't been one in the Milky Way since the birth of modern science.
The last was in 1604, so we're long overdue.
Astronomers are now searching the skies for the star that is most likely to go supernova.
And amongst the leading candidates there's a familiar name.
This is the constellation of Orion and this is Betelgeuse,
and we know it's extremely unstable because it's dimmed by about 15% in the last ten years.
Now, astronomers think that this star could go supernova at any moment.
That could mean any time in the nexy million years but equally it could explode tomorrow,
and Betelgeuse is only 600 light years away.
When it goes, Betelgeuse will be incredibly bright.
it'll be by far the brightest star in the sky.
it may shine as brightly as a full moon.
It will be almost a second sun in the daylight."
"When we look out into space, we are looking into our own origins."
"Because we are truly children of the stars."
___________________________
Episode.3 - FALLING [Gravity]
is almost the same as the time it takes to orbit the Earth."
"This is Andromeda, a spiral galaxy roughly the same size and mass as the Milky Way.
This island of over a trillion stars sits over 2.5 million light years away,
but every hour that gap shrinks by half a million kilometers."
"Whilst most galaxies have been rushing away from each other
ever since they formed just after the Big Bang,
some galaxies formed so close together that they are locked
in gravitational embrace and the Milky Way and Andromeda are two such galaxies.
and Computer simulations suggest that they will collide together
in around three billion years time."
"The body with the strongest gravity in our solar system is the sun.
... it has a gravitational pull at its surface 28 times that of the Earth."
"On 4th July 1054 AD, a bright new star appeared,
and it outshone every other star in the night sky for over three weeks.
it was so bright that it was visible in the daytime."
"We now know that that new star was in fact the explosive death
of an old star, a supernova explosion..(of "Crab Nebula that the Chacoans saw in these skies a thousand years ago")"TWO FORCES
"Throughout a star's life, there is a constant battle between energy
pushing out and gravity pushing in.
As long as the star burns, the tow forces balance each other out. "Atom and Empty Space
"And whilst almost all the mass is contained in the nucleus, it is incredibly tiny compared to the size of an atom. if this (pebble) is the atom the elecoron is something like a kilometer away.
So that means that matter is almsot entirely empty space.
I'm full of empty space. The Earth is full of empty space.
Everything you can see in the universe is pretty much just empty space.
So if everything in the universe is made up of atoms, and atoms are 99.9999% empty space, then most of the universe is empty."
"Gravity is NOT a force pulling us towards the center of the Earth like a giant magnet.
In a sense, gravity isn't really a force at all."
"The moon is falling into the valley created by the mass of the Earth.
The Earth is falling into the valley created by the mass of the Sun.
And the solar system is falling into the valley in space-time created by our galaxy.
And our galaxy is falling towards other galaxies in the universe."
"Our sun takes around 200 million years to make its way around the Milky Way.
One of these S stars takes only 15 years to go around the center of the galaxy."
"gravity will eventually crush matter out of existence."
________________________________
Episode.4 - MESSENGERS [Light]
LIGHT
"light is a messenger from long-forgotten era,
and contained in the light from these faraway places
is the story of our universe's origin and evolution."
"Through light we can stare back
across the entire history of the universe
and discover how it all began,
and ultimately
see how light
breathed life
into us."
""Solstice" is Latin for "sun stands still""
because as the Earth orbits around the sun and the year passes,
"On Earth, on a night like this,
there are about 2,500 stars
are visible to the naked eye."
"Every star we see in the night sky
is a sun that sits within our own galaxy, the Milky Way."
"The Milky Way is home to 200 billion stars."
"On Earth, the speed of sound, depending on altitude
is around 1200 km per hour known as Mach I."
"Danish astronomer Ole Romer, realised that it takes time for light to travel from Jupiter to Earth...
So Romer had discovered that light doesn't travel instantaneously.
It moves through space with a finte speed."
"We now know that the light travels at precisely 299,792,458 meteres (or 300,000 km / 186,000 miles) per second.
That means in the time that it takes for me to click my fingers, light has travelled around the Earth 7 times, or that it travesl ten million million kilometeres in one year,
and that's the yardstick that we use to measure the universe,
as 10 m m km is aprox. one light year."
Andromeda = 2.5 million light years
Centaurus A = 10 million light years
? = 14 million light years
NGC 520 = 100 million light years
"There is vast amount of information and detail contained withing every beam of light.
And that information is written in COLOR."
Interpretation of BIG BANG THEORY
"The image is called the Hubble Ultra Deep Field."
..picture taken by the Hubble space Telescope over a period of eleven days.. constellation of Orion.. the most distant galaxies in that image are over 13 billion years away.. it saw galaxies glow in all different colours. But when it peered to the very edge of the visible universe.. and saw that every galaxy glowed RED.
...
When light is emitted by a distan star or galaxy, its wavelength deoesn't have to stay fixed,
it can be squashed or stretched,
and when light's stretched, its wavelength increases and it moves to the red end of the spectrum.
So the interpretation of th fact that the most distant galaxies appear red
is that the space in between them and us has stretched
during the time it's taken the light to journey over that vas distance.
That means that our entire universe is EXPANDING.
.. what an expanding universe implies,.. if the galaxies are all rushing away from each other,
that means that if you rewind time, then they must have been closer toghether in the past, and actually, if you just keep rewinding then you find that at some point in the past,
all the galaxies we can see in the sky were quite literllay on top of each other.
That implies that the universe may have had a beginning,
and that is the Big Bang Theory."
"Visible lights of the universe are just a tiny fraction of all light in the universe.
Beyond the visible spectrum, our world is illuminated by invisible light."
"Well, heat is nothing more than a form of light, although we don't normally call it light.
it's actually infrared light, and the only difference between infrared and visible light is the wavelength. Infrared has a longer wavelength than visible light."
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