History Channel
Season. 01 Episode. 14 (final of season one)
http://www.history.com/shows/the-universe
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Universe_%28TV_series%29
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YIoKrL_8pt8
EXCERPTS:
Our solar system is spinning,
flying through space at 134 miles per second.
Turning in circles
as part of a vast collection of stars and star systems.
There may be 200 billion stars in this collection
called Milky Way Galaxy.
The Milky Way is one of more than 125 billion of galaxies,
that make up the observable Universe.
This idea of astronomy predicting the behavior
of the natural world
based on the motion of the heavens,
gets mixed up wit the dogma of the astrology -
the belief that the motion of heavens predetermined our fate.
If you understand the clock works on heavens you understand how our fate are going to be.
Astrologers divide the skies into regions as early as 6th century BC.
With just the naked eye to scan the skies
the Greeks saw only 5 planets
naming each after their gods.
Today we are more familiar with the Roman designations.
Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn
The Ptolemy's system was extremely complex
it had all these planets going in loops
and it worked beautifully but it was just wrong.
In fact after the collapse of Rome in the 476 AD.
Astronomy actually lost ground.
Europe fragmented into smaller powers
and lot of wisdom of Greeks lost.
Kepler improved on the Copernicus's system
by hypothesizing that planet traveled
not in perfect circles but
in ellipses around the sun.
HELIOCENTRIC:
What Copernicus assumed for aesthetic reasons
What Kepler deduced through measurment and mathematics
Galileo proved, Galileo saw, Galileo revealed.
Galileo's last published work
dealt with the properties of falling bodies,
which he noted always accelerated to same rate
no matter what their mass.
Everything with mass exerts the pulling force
on everything else with mass.
Light bends by gravity:
1919 large astronomical experiment through sun eclipse
"General Relativity said if you look at star
on the path of light goes right path the Sun,
you would see a shift a little bit because the gravity of the sun.
Lemaitre studied the Einstein's theories during 1920's
and proposed a radical idea
one that even the great Einstein would reject,
he said the Universe wasn't static
but was actually expanding.
When Lemaitre told Einstein about this solution
Einstein reportedly said
"Your mathematical is correct
but your physics is abominable."
Fred Hoyle, everything is stardust except H and He.
H is 74% in Universe.
Gamow suggested the Hydrogen, the Helium and other elements
were created in firt fiery minutes of the Universe, in Big Bang.
When temp. was thousands of degrees hotter
than they are in teh core of any star.
But Penzias and Wilson unknowingly found
what Dicke and his colleagues were seeking,
what Gamow, Alpher and Lemaitre had predicted,
They've found the smoking gun
that proved that universe wasn't eternal.
NUCLEAR SYNTHESIS
While most scientists agree the Hydrogen and most of the Helium
were created at first moment of Big Bang
as Gamow believed.
All other heavy elements like N, C were created later
in the hot center of stars, in supernovas explosions,
as Hoyle suggested.
UNIFORM UNIVERSAL TEMPERATURE:
"The universe is simply too large for
one end has same temp. as the other.
Yet it is.
_______________________
Aristotle
Ptolemy
Copernicus
Kepler
Galileo Galilie
Isac Newton: 1643
Albert Einstein
Lemaitre, 1920, expanding universe
Edwin Hubble
_______________________
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