Showing posts with label Space. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Space. Show all posts

Sunday, November 13, 2011

When We Left the Earth - NASA Missions

WHEN WE LEFT THE EARTH - NASA MISSIONS
Documentary - 2008





http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1233514/

EXCERPTS 
(6 episodes, 3 parts)

The Soviet Union holds an early lead in the space race,
launching the first unmanned satellite to orbit the Earth.

On October 4, 1957,
when Sputnik went into orbit.



... But, on April 12th
NASA receives stunning news.
The Soviet Union puts a man into orbit and brings him back alive.
Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first man in space.


Alan Shepard becomes America's first man in space.

Shepard's sborbital flight reaches 116 miles above the Earth,
then descends.


America is still coming in second in the race for sapce.
And NASA still hasn't fulfilled the primary goal of PROJECTY MERCURY --
launching a man into orbit and bringing him home alive.


As PROJECT MERCURY comes to an end,
PROJECT GEMINI is already preparing to blast off...

The Mercury program was the most challenging
of all the work that we've ever done in space.


I was bullet-proof, invincible, you know
there's nothing i couldn't do, just give me a shot.
Don't tell me i can't do it, 'cause i can do it.
... we've to be little arrogant.



... But nobody at NASA knows that
Soviet cosmonaut has already walked in space.


Gemini 7 flied nearly 6 million miles
in 14 days,
in those two weeks the sun rises and sets
on Lovelland Borman nearly 400 times.



PROJECT APOLLO

Apollo 8 will be the first manned flight
to leave Earth orbit for deep space.

Saturn 5 is already supersonic.
Well the Saturn 5 is still the most powerful machine
that man has ever devised.
20 tons of fuel a second. 7.5 million pounds of thurst.


Lunar Module
The interesting thing about the lunar module is
that you fly it standing up.
All the gauges, the panels, were set up so we could stand up.


Apollo 11
July 16, 1969
Only (Neil) Armstrong and (Buzz) Aldrin will walk on the moon.

the moon is a three-day journey.

The crew is the tip of the iceberg.
In Apollo 11, there were 400,000 people underneath
that all had to do their job or we weren't gonna make it.
It was a team effort of NASA that got us to the moon.


THAT'S ONE SMALL STEP FOR A MAN,
ONE GIANT LEAP FOR MANKIND.

15 minutes later, Buzz Aldrin is ready
to join Armstrong on the surface of the moon.



Lunar Rover
is a four-wheel-drive two-seater.
It has a top speed of 8 miles per hour.
A magnetic compass won't work on the moon,
so a computer constantly plots a straigt line back to the LEM.
Apollo 16
Johan Yount, Charlie Duke, and Ken Mattingly
blast off into the Florida sky.
Young and Duke use the lunar rover
to explore an area known as the Descartes Mountains.



Apollo 17, Dec 7, 1972 (final lunar launch)

Apollo 17 targets another geologically rich area
of the moon.
But this will be Project Apollo's final lunar landing.
Budget cuts force NASA to scrup three more missoins already scheduled.

Gene Cernan and harrson Schmitt
join an elite fraterity.
Only 12 men have landed on the moon.


Skylab

Over the next 8 months
skylab is the home to 3 crews,
each setting new records
for astonauts living and working in space.

Skylab is the first step
toward the human habitation of space.


Space Shuttle

McCandless spends more than four hours
flying the jetpack through space.


Challenger
For the first time,
NASA loses astronauts during a mission.

So We believe they were alive,
But we also believe they were unconscious
when they hit the water.

No shuttle flies for for 2.5 years.


Shuttle flights resume in September 1988.

Kathy Sulivan is the first American woman to walk in space.



Hubble is a pioneering scientific mission,
launching the most powerful telescope ever built.



SPACE STATION

The Russians had a long history
of long-duration flight under their belt.
We did not.
And so we hoped to learn some of the things from the Russians.
U.S. astronauts must learn to fly their rockets
and worked with totally different space technology.

November 1998,
a Russian rocket blast off with the first section of the space station,
weighing 21 tons.

The sapce station is already near the size of a 10-storey building.


With no sensation of speed in the vacuum of space,
Mike L-A drifts away from the shuttle 250 miles above the Florida Keys.


Throughout 2002, the pace of construction speeds up.


With Ken Bouwersox on the space station,
2003 is scheduled to be the shuttle's busiest year yet.
But first, Columbia flies a special science mission.
Unlike the majority os space-shuttle missions now,
which are space-station assembly
where they're doing essentially heavey construction,
Columbia STS-107 mission was a dedicated science mission.

.. We have booster ignition and lift-off
of space shuttle Columbia with a multitude of national
and international space-research experiments.


It's standard procedure to film every shuttle launch
with high-speed cameras.

We lost seven of our dear friends.
Terrible tragedy that's very hard for me
to go back and relive.
Some people said, "We don't want to risk astronauts' lives.
We need to stop doing this."
The astronauts don't feel that way.
Eileen Collins (Shuttle Astronaut)

We fly for country,
we fly for humanity,
we fly for exploration.
we fly for a variety of reasons.
and we don't stop flying because we have accidents.


When we left Earth,
it changed our world.


Curiosity is the essence of human existence.


___________________________________
 



Monday, July 25, 2011

The Universe: Edge of Space

The Universe : EDGE OF SPACE
History Channel
Season. 3 Episode. 11




http://www.history.com/shows/the-universe
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Universe_%28TV_series%29




EXCERPTS:

EDGE OF SPACE
(Edge of Earth/ Atmospheres)

SPACE DIVING
"the zone of space that surrounds Earth
and begins 120 miles above sea level.

In the first two minutes of the jump
the space diver will reach speeds of 2,500 miler per hour.
while in free fall.
Atmospheric drag will heat the spacesuit
to 474 degrees F.


SPACE SUIT
"To protect the body, spacesuits are designed in layers.


"Comfortable is a relative term.
So if you're comfortable on a camping trip
then you'll be fine on the space station.



I can't tell you when it will be $4,000,
If it doesn't start off at $40 million.


Earth orbit, our edge of space,
is generally divided into three parts.
Low Earth orbit is a 1100 mile wide belt
that is closest to Earth's atmosphere
and begins only 120 miles above sea level.
... Most of the manned space proggram takes place in that radius.
Low Earth orbit is likea busy city, lots of activity (by satellites)
... orbit the Earth in 90 minutes.

Above low Earth orbit is a region called Meduim Earth orbit.
This wide stretch of space is 1200 to 14000 miles above Earth.
Many communication satellites are launched into orbit here.
GPS satellites roughly orbit the Earth at about 12000 miles.
They orbit the Earth twice per day.
Medium Earth orbit is also home
to the treacherous Van Allen radiation belts
These belts of high-energy charged particles
can send a $300 million satellite spiraling out of control
or give a human being a fatal dose of radiation.

High Earth orbit, or geo-synchronous orbit
if low Earth orbit is a busy city,
high Earth orbit is rural farmland.
22,000 to 35,000 miles above sea level.
Here, over 2000 satellites call high Earth orbit home.
They orbit around the Earth every 24 hours.



To reach the target
a spacecraft must travel 17,500 miles per hour.
Even one degree of and spacecraft will end up in the wrong orbit.


In theory, objects can stay in orbit forever
as long as they have enough speed
to resist the pul of Earth's gravity.

You just keep falling around the world over and over again.


In October 2007, the US Navy shot down
an out of service satellite with a cruice missile
before it reentered the atmosphere.
The reason?
The satellite carried hazardous material onboard
and had it crashed to the ground,
could have poisoned thousands.
... The operation was called "Burnt Frost."


From the first launch of Sputnik in 1957
debris (space junk) has steadily been
accumulating around planet Earth.

It looks like the Earth is surrounded by a hive of bees.

these pieces are traveling upwards of 22,000 miles per hour.
Say, more than ten times faster then a bullet.


In 2007, the total estimated amount of space debris
was 20,000 pieces,
14,000 of which were trackable.

Then in 2008
China's space program
intentionally crashed two satellites together as an anti-satellite test.
The international space community was outraged.

By th 10th Jan 2007, the number of objects we were tracking
was less than 14,000.
Here we are 16 months later
and we've increased that number by over 30% to over 18,000.


Back in 1997, we had a 570-pound stainless steel tank
that landed about 50 yards from a farmer's house in Texas.
He was not particularly pleased byu that.

There was a re-entry that came into Cape Town in SA.


3/4 of the Earth's surface is water
so a lot of it lands in the water.
_______________________

The Universe: Living in Space

The Universe :LIVING IN SPACE
History Channel
Season. 3 Episode. 7




http://www.history.com/shows/the-universe
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Universe_%28TV_series%29




EXCERPTS:

LIVING IN SPACE
[living in Mars]

" ... the sky on Mars is not so blue.
It's red because all of this oxidized dust that's aloft.
and these winds blowing all the time."


BIOSPHERE 2


ROBONAUT

"His motions get translated into robot motions."


"The Martian soil, or regolith,
is an inconsistent resource.
... They cannot rely on Mars' soil
to nurture plants from Earth.

____________________________

Sunday, July 24, 2011

The Universe: Deep Space Disasters

The Universe : DEEP SPACE DISASTERS
History Channel
Season. 3 Episode. 1
[This season is dedicated to Theoretical Physics]



http://www.history.com/shows/the-universe
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Universe_%28TV_series%29
http://www.youtube.com/all_comments?v=egqw4UXl3-I


EXCERPTS:


Earth, 2030

Space Elevators

"In 1972, in August, there was a major solar flare.
There was what they call the Great Solar Storm...
that happened to just take place...
in between the Apollo 16 mission in April...
and the Apollo 17 mission in December of that year.
Had that occurred while there was a crew
on the surface of the moon,
they would have been dead.


The Moon and Mars
are still active bodies
where natural disasters like
those seen on Earth can strike.

The Moon and Mars have no Tectonic Plates.
But The Moon and Mars have hot core.
So as the pressure from that heat heads
to the surface, the shaking starts.


Scientists are still unsure
what started teh 2008 landslide
near the north pole of Mars.
Its icy area.


FIRE IN SPACE:


Fire actually behaves differently
inside a spacecraft in zero gravity.


... the low airflow and lack of gravity
don't remove the heat as quickly as on Earth.
The result
These type of fires are hotter and more dangerous
than in normal gravity (on Earth).


The combination of high oxygen content
and low airflow means
just about anything can catch fir, even metal.


In fact, the world's first spacewalk almost ended in disaster.
Alexie Leonov did the fist spacewalk
that ny human did in 1965.
But in the rush to accomplish that space spectacular
and thereby beat the Americans
The Soviets took some shortcuts on the safety of the cosmonaut
and so he blew up like the Michelin Man.


BOILING BLOOD:
Sudden lack of atmospheric pressure.
"The idea that blood boils is really a misnomer.
The liquid in your body goes from a liquid state
to a gaseous state.

As the vacuum of space fills
the spacewalker's leaking suit
the liquid parts of the tongue and eyes begin to bubble
along with all of the saliva,
internal fluids and blood.
As the blood turns to gas
oxygen no longer travels to the brain or anywhere else.
The brain shuts down withing about 15 seconds
leaving the victim unconscious.
Soon after the rest of the cells in the body die.
Temperature extremes could also play a role
since the sunlit area of space reach 250 degrees Fahrenheit.
and the shaded areas quickly plummet
to 250 degrees below zero.

Luckily no one in space has suffered this fate."



MICRO-METEOROID: and SPACE JUNK
smaller than the size of golf ball,
with a speed of 22,000 miles per hour.


An object less than an inch wide would have forced them to abandon
this multi-billion-dollar facility.



There is a saying that the first 50 miles
and last 50 miles
are the most dangerous part of any mission.



Realize that even an atomic bomb
is only one percent efficient.
Only one percent of the mass of an atomic bomb
is converted to energy.
In an antimatter engine
we're talking about nearly 100 percent of the mass.
converted into energy.


A teaspoon of antimatter might be
able to propel us across the solar system
but that same teaspoon 
also has the power to destroy an entire city.



GO CRAZY IN SPACE.

If you're cooped up in this tiny, little space capsule
for, let's sya, a year at a time going to Mars...
or years going into deep sace,
YOU CAN GO CRAZY.
You can get claustrophobic.
The guy next door could really get on your nerves..
and you want to strangle him after a certain point.


After that particular mission,
the Soviets decided.
that they were giong to put a sawed-off shotgun
in every Soyuz capsule.
In case something like that happened again.

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